Free Essays on Islam in the African American Experience

In his incisive book, Islam in the African American Experience, Richard Brent Turner takes the reader through the evolution of Islam in black America. First, he discusses the â€Å"old Islam† brought over with the slaves. Then turner describes how â€Å"new Islam† was formed out of Pan-Africanist and Black Nationalistic doctrines of the late nineteenth century. Finally, Turner goes on to talk about different sects of new Islam in the black community. Part one of the book is called â€Å"Root Sources†. In it, Turner comprehensively demonstrates how he believes that, â€Å"The new American Islam was deeply influenced by racism in America, by the Pan-African political movement of African Americans in the early twentieth century, and by the historic patterns of racial separation in Islam.†(p.67) Turner utilizes Part one to set the stage for the â€Å"new Islam† of the twentieth century discussed in part two. In the first chapter, titled â€Å"Muslims in a Strange Land: American Muslim Slaves in America†, Turner describes for the reader the early evolution of Islam among blacks in West Africa. He also describes how that same brand of â€Å"old Islam† would follow African Slaves across the Atlantic to the shores of North America. Turner focuses on how Islam spread to West Africa, and how it was adapted and changed by the natives. North African Muslims helped plant the seeds for West African Islam through their encounters with sub-Saharan Africans by way of a slave trade. Often times these Arabs and North Africans would settle in the West African towns, creating an Islamic presence in the town. Natives were generally impressed with their intellect and religious beliefs. One thing that the Muslims offered that caught the attention of the West Africans was a chance to become literate by way of learning Arabic. Later, â€Å"teachers and messengers† of Islam would arriv e in West Africa. This was a catalyst for the mass conversion of Wes... Free Essays on Islam in the African American Experience Free Essays on Islam in the African American Experience In his incisive book, Islam in the African American Experience, Richard Brent Turner takes the reader through the evolution of Islam in black America. First, he discusses the â€Å"old Islam† brought over with the slaves. Then turner describes how â€Å"new Islam† was formed out of Pan-Africanist and Black Nationalistic doctrines of the late nineteenth century. Finally, Turner goes on to talk about different sects of new Islam in the black community. Part one of the book is called â€Å"Root Sources†. In it, Turner comprehensively demonstrates how he believes that, â€Å"The new American Islam was deeply influenced by racism in America, by the Pan-African political movement of African Americans in the early twentieth century, and by the historic patterns of racial separation in Islam.†(p.67) Turner utilizes Part one to set the stage for the â€Å"new Islam† of the twentieth century discussed in part two. In the first chapter, titled â€Å"Muslims in a Strange Land: American Muslim Slaves in America†, Turner describes for the reader the early evolution of Islam among blacks in West Africa. He also describes how that same brand of â€Å"old Islam† would follow African Slaves across the Atlantic to the shores of North America. Turner focuses on how Islam spread to West Africa, and how it was adapted and changed by the natives. North African Muslims helped plant the seeds for West African Islam through their encounters with sub-Saharan Africans by way of a slave trade. Often times these Arabs and North Africans would settle in the West African towns, creating an Islamic presence in the town. Natives were generally impressed with their intellect and religious beliefs. One thing that the Muslims offered that caught the attention of the West Africans was a chance to become literate by way of learning Arabic. Later, â€Å"teachers and messengers† of Islam would arriv e in West Africa. This was a catalyst for the mass conversion of Wes...

Financial Accounting Regulation in the United Kingdom essays

Financial Accounting Regulation in the United Kingdom essays In the U.K., the  ¡statement of intent on accounting standards ¡Ã‚ ¯ was issued in 1969 by the council of the ICAEW. The statement announced that standards would be produced in the future, with four objectives. Firstly, to narrow the difference and variety in accounting principles. Secondly, to disclosure the accounting bases. The third one is the disclosure of departure from established standards and the finally, is the wider exposure for major new accounting proposals. To this end, the Accounting Standards Steering Committee ( ASSC ) [ Later the name was changed to the Accounting Standards Committee (ASC) ] was set up by the ICAW to improve accounting disclosure. Since 1971, recommendations from professional accounting bodies have been in the form of Statement of Standard Accounting Practice ( SSAPs). Edey points out that the standards that have been produced fall into four types. Type 1 standards is one that states companies must tell the user what they are doing, that states that companies must disclose their accounting policies. Type 2 standard seeks uniformity of presentation, for example, it is concerned with uniform treatment of associated companies. Type 3 standard relates to the disclosure of specific items, for example, extraordinary items and research and development expenditure. The need for this type of standard arises because the treatment of these items varied so much in the past. Type 4 standard relates to the problem of income meas urement and asset valuation. The current cost accounting standard clearly falls into this category. There are standards that in fact could be said to be of more than one type, for example, the extraordinary item standard. The advantage of dividing standards up according to their roles is that it becomes clear that some standards clearly satisfy their objectives while other standards do seem to fail on the grounds that could have been predicted by the critics of the standards ...

Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic Management - Case Study Example Valuable, in the framework, defines elements that add value to an organization to derive competitive advantage over competing organizations. One of valuables for the club, based on the case, is a brand image that has developed a team of loyal fans. History of the brand can be traced to the year 1958 when the club suffered a setback following loss of its top players in a plane crash. Ability to bounce back from the loss and to develop another team of outstanding players attracted fans and well-wishers and the developed image continues. It has been evidenced during challenges such as conflict between supporters and Glazer in the club’s takeover bid. Even though the supporters lost, their support for the club remained. Effect of the brand has also been effective in the club’s sale of tickets, even after increased fees, and in sales from the club’s shops across the globe. The image and its effect on supporters’ loyalty also meet the rarity criterion as the clu b has the largest match attendance, compared to those of its competitors in the premier league (Johnson, Whittington, & Scholes 2011, p. 601- 604). Investments in stadia and facilities as well as in purchase of players are another valuable for the organization. Improved stadia and facilities have facilitated game attendance and other sales and therefore improved revenues. Players’ purchase has however improved the club’s competitiveness and this could have contributed to sustained fans’ support. Investment in players has also benefit in revenues from sale of such players Christiano Ronaldo (Johnson, Whittington, & Scholes 2011, p. 601- 604). A model based approach to understanding value creation in the English football supports the role of talent acquisition as a value that the club has. Injected talent that also has effects on team experience is a significant source of value among clubs in the nation.

Employee Training Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Training - Case Study Example As the paper stresses training is a performance improvement tool that is critically important when employees are not performing up to a given criteria, standard or expected. A major analysis that can be conducted to indicate whether the human resource training is required seeks to establish the difference between the actual level and the expected level of job performance. One area involves the direct relationship between employees. This is evident when individual performance is emphasized by employees more that team work. In this case, workers show more preference to work a lone that sharing responsibilities or complementing each other.According to the report employee training is important in filling skill and knowledge gap, addresses performance issues and prepares employees for leadership and managerial responsibilities. The article, in addition, cites the constantly changing technologies in the world of business. In this case, the company cannot assimilate the new technologies wit hout proper skills impartation among employees. Still, employee training and development enables the team to address a range of issues around growth and change. This helps the organization adapt to structural change in the industry and the economy. Employee training and development is essentially important in ensuring that workers are kept updated with the current trends in economy, technology, knowledge and skills concerning their roles in the organization.

Importance of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Essay Example for Free

Importance of Understanding Cultural, Ethnic, and Gender Differences Essay The United States is and will continue to be a very diverse place. More than 8 million legal immigrants came to the U. S. between 1981 and 1990, and an undetermined number of undocumented immigrants enter the United States each year. In addition, the United States includes people of many religions, languages, economic groups, and other cultural groups. In order to be a successful manager in today’s very diverse society a manager needs to be open and understanding of cultural differences, different ethnicities, and gender differences among employees. Diversity is the presence of people from a wide range of backgrounds all possessing different traits. Some possible contributors to diversity include but are not limited to differences in age, race, ethnic origin, culture, physical abilities, religion and sexual orientation. As the text book states, ‘bringing diverse workers into an organization is seldom a seamless transition. ’ People tend to prejudge and place stereotypes or generalized beliefs that all members of a group possess the same characteristics from different cultures, race, or sex; this must be overcome. To be effective, managers and employees need to recognize, respect, and capitalize on each other’s differences. By being diverse in its employees, a business has a better opportunity for new ideas and growth potential. As discussed this week in class, when the department head turned down the Jamaican friend for the position, even though he seemed better qualified, it showed stereotyping and prejudices can have a negative effect in the workplace. The situation made for an uncomfortable, even negative environment in the workplace. By the department head’s negative behavior it caused a barrier for productivity and potentially harmed working relationships. It is essential in today’s business world for managers and professionals to understand the importance of cultural, ethnical and gender differences to make a positive work environment possible. While performing the ball and sock experiment, I was put outside of my comfort zone and was forced to see what it was like in someone else’s shoes. I found the lefty experiment to be awkward and difficult. I started in the early morning as I was getting ready for work. The seemingly thoughtless tasks that I completed every morning such as showering, brushing my teeth and hair, and eating breakfast now became hard and tedious. I continued the experiment when I returned home from work. Preparing dinner as a lefty was virtually impossible and almost dangerous. Most tasks as a lefty were manageable after some time and practice, but operating a knife was not. I am sure that with a little time and patience these tasks could have become easier to me. I can see how it could be frustrating living as a lefty in a right handed world. This is the same concept as being from a different culture, ethnicity, and gender then those in your workplace. Although the transition into a new company can be difficult, with time and some adjustment it is possible. I can relate the ball in the sock experiment to the importance of understanding cultural, ethnic, and gender differences in the work place because adjusting to something that we are not accustomed to can be challenging. It is important to understand that people we come into contact with everyday come from a background that we may not know much about. It can be difficult to adjust when meeting new people or entering a new work environment. I believe an organizations success can be attributed to its ability to embrace diversity and appreciate the benefits. A workplace who supports diversity can supply an assortment of solutions to problems. A diverse workplace can facilitate a broader service range. It can allow a company to provide their service to those all around the world. I think the most significant benefit to supporting diversity in the workplace is the inspiration it gives to all of its employees to perform to their greatest capacity. Diversity allows employees to come together to accomplish a common goal as a team. Employees will feel comfortable to share their viewpoints and ideas to execute a goal or solve a problem. I believe diversity opens the door for workplaces to achieve higher productivity, result in higher profits, and benefit the community. Diversity may not be something that people are familiar with and may even have a difficult time adjusting to, which is similar to trying to using your opposite hand in daily tasks. I believe understanding diversity will show employees the importance of it in the workplace and how it can enhance the quality of work.

The Neverending Story: A Classic Novel Essay -- Neverending Story

The Neverending Story:   A Classic Novel  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Neverending Story by Michael Ende perfectly draws the image of a successful novel because it’s overall effect on the reader is intimate and it recognizes itself as a different novel from others especially using a metaphor of stories giving birth to other stories.   Considered as a children’s novel, it should be given a chance to prove itself in the realm of other such intelligent novels. The novel expands this idea that stories are a result of other stories, it resembles the monomyth cycle for a simplified and similar understanding of its complex aspects and it finally reminds the reader of belonging and loving needs.   Thus, this novel by Michael Ende should be considered a major part of English literature because it clearly demonstrates an archetypal flare similarly to how a classic novel would furnish.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Moo-oo-oon Child!† (Ende 225) Screams Bastian.   His hopes of this endless story to rid its endless entity has nothing but created a nightmare in his and Atreyu’s world.   From the Gnomics project of the mammoth-like Sphinxes to the rescue of the Child-like Empress to the Water of Life, Atreyu and Bastian are two separate characters who are parted by two different kingdoms but unknowingly pursue on strange adventures in the same settings.   Not only do they live out tremendous and significant journeys but ironically have a comparable mission in which to save the life of the Child-like Empress, ruler and leader of Fantastica.   Bastians’ peaceful character and Atreyu’s determination sets The Neverending Story apart from the classic scene o... ...ed and the setting is a happy one.      The Neverending Story by Michael Ende perfectly draws the image of a successful novel because it’s overall effect on the reader is intimate and it recognizes itself as a different novel from others especially using a metaphor of stories giving birth to other stories.   Considered as a children’s novel, it should be given a chance to prove itself in the realm of other such intelligent novels. The novel expands this idea that stories are a result of other stories, it resembles the monomyth cycle for a simplified and similar understanding of its complex aspects and it finally reminds the reader of belonging and loving needs.   Thus, this novel by Michael Ende should be considered a major part of English literature because it clearly demonstrates an archetypal flare similarly to how a classic novel would furnish.

State of the Nation: The Seven Years War

A. Why might some scholars call the Seven Years War the â€Å"Great War for Empire†? B. Is it accurate to describe the Seven Years War as the â€Å"Great War for Empire† and as the â€Å"First Worldwide War†? C. What role did Indians play in the causes and consequences of the war? D. Did the war set the stage for the American Revolution? In 1756, Britain declared war on France, which is known as to today to be the beginning of the Seven Years’ War. Some Scholars might call the Seven Years’ War the â€Å"Great War for Empires† because France ceded its major North American holdings to Britain. Because of Frances’s losses, Britain gained control of the continent’s fir trade. Another reason in why some scholars may call the Seven Years’ War the â€Å"Great War for Empire† is because it chained into an expansion of British colonies. In 1763, Local Indians started feel the impact of the British’s win. Some Indians known as the Creeks and Cherokees were some of the most upset, because they were not able to turn to France or Spain in case of Britain not giving them any kind of concessions no more. In desperation, and retaliation for British atrocities, Cherokees attacked the Carolina and Virginia frontiers in 1760(Norton, 112). Even though the Indian were victorious, they were easily defeated the following year. Late in 1761, a treaty allowed the construction of British forts in the Cherokee territories and opened a large tract to European settlement.

Response to “Letter From a Birmingham Jail”

Martin Luther King Jr. wrote â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† in response to his fellow white clergymen who criticized his actions that landed him in jail. He used Biblical examples to show that his nonviolent actions were necessary for African Americans to move forward in this country. This letter was mainly directed to those religious leaders who have the power to do something about segregation but don't. The purpose is to hopefully get the backup from powerful religious leaders and end segregation.He communicates this message very effectively to these men from his quotes from Saint Paul and King Solomon which is preached within the churches of these religious leaders. He also justifies his nonviolent action by comparing it to â€Å"just† and â€Å"unjust† laws with one example of Hitler ( â€Å"We can never forget that everything Hitler did in Germany was â€Å"legal† and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was â€Å"illegal. â €  It was â€Å"illegal† to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. †)King claims there is no better timing for something that has been at conflict for 340 years and that there was no wrongdoing during this â€Å"sit-in. † He says in confidence, â€Å" We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the nation, because the goal of America is freedom. Abused and scorned though we may be, our destiny is tied up with the destiny of America. Before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, we were here. Before the pen of Jefferson scratched across the pages of history the majestic word of the Declaration of Independence, we were here †¦If the inexpressible cruelties of slavery could not stop us, the opposition we now face will surely fail. We will win our freedom because the sacred heritage of our nation and the eternal will of God are embodied in our echoing demands †¦ † Martin Luther King Jr. is asking for the help of the clergymen so the y can move forward with Civil Rights. Mr. King scolded the clergymen saying,â€Å"The early Christians rejoiced when they were deemed worthy to suffer for what they believed.In those days the Church was not merely a thermometer that recorded the ideas and principles of popular opinion; it was a thermostat that transformed the mores of society. † He was urging them to stand up for what they knew and believed was right just as the early Christian church had done in the face of execution. Martin Luther King Jr. used their belief to persuade them to see the right path. Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s major audience is the clergymen he is writing to. These men possess the power to change people's minds and yet do not even try.King gives such overwhelming emotion when he compares the situation in Birmingham with Biblical situations such as this (Of course, there is nothing new about this kind of civil disobedience. It was seen sublimely in the refusal of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed nego to obey the laws of Nebuchadnezzar because a higher moral law was involved. It was practiced superbly by the early Christians, who were willing to face hungry lions and the excruciating pain of chopping blocks before submitting to certain unjust laws of the Roman Empire.) Using this quote he tried to explain once again that sometimes to do what is right you have to take chances that may seem wrong and may be labeled as wrong. He is very professional and polite at the beginning which helps the audience to really listen to what he has to say. When he really gets his point through is when he gradually gets firmer and firmer throughout the text yet at the same time still being polite. King portrays himself as one of the clergymen, but one that has to overcome the many obstacles of the average African American.He acts as a friend and yet in the middle of the letter he portrays the religious leaders as an enemy that he hopes will reconsider their position on Civil Rights. Important Q uotes: â€Å"So I have tried to make it clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends. But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong, or even more so, to use moral means to preserve immoral ends. † This quote means that it is wrong to use forceful methods and violence to get a good ending but it is equally as bad to sit by and watch, doing nothing, while dissolute actions are being made.â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. † Martin Luther King’s quote means that even if you aren’t directly affected by the current situation it will somehow come back to include you so the best way to handle injustice is to get rid of it right away and not let it affect anyone.†¦ it is immoral to urge an individual to withdraw his efforts to gain his basic constitutional rights becaus e the quest precipitates violence. Society must protect the robbed and punish the robber. This quote discourages the clergymens’ decision to sit back and not do anything about the growing issue of slavery in Birmingham. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was urging them to change the hearts of the people and communities they preached to. Mr. King believed that society must protect the African Americans affected by racism and punish the racist.

buy custom Joint Ventures essay

buy custom Joint Ventures essay Joint venture refers to a situation where an organization or company makes an investment in collaboration with another one so that they can take advantage of an opportunity. The companies that enter a joint venture will share equally the profits and losses that come through the venture. There are factors that determine the formation of a joint venture rather than an organization taking the business wholly as an independent venture. Some of these factors include government policies, sharing of resources and market share, to share costs and risks, and also to diversify product and service delivery to consumers and customers. This essay seeks to show processes that take place before a joint venture is formed, the advantages and disadvantages of the venture and also the evaluation of the venture. Brookfield properties Corporation, a company that is based in the North America entered into a joint venture with another company in London, Bishopsgate. One of the reasons for the joint venture, as indicated in the introductory part is that it is a way of expanding the company and its market share. In forming a joint venture with a company in London, Brookfield now controls a certain percentag of market share abroad; something that is facilitated by the goodwill and relationship of Bishopsgate with its customers. It is important to keep in mind that there is always the threat of entry to a market that any chief executive of the company must look at and even avoid. By going into a joint venture with Bishopsgate, Brookfield is now rid of the threat of entry. There are so many reasons why the two companies decided to come together and form a joint venture. One of these reasons is to allow the companies to access market share and take advantage of each companys profile mutually. This means that before a decision transpired to the formation of the joint venture, the companies must first carry out research on the history and endeavors of each other and therefore make a conclusive decision that they can work together to make a certain objective. As can be seen from Brookfield Corporation, the company is a giant in construction and management of properties. The portfolio indicates that the company has a wide financial base and stability and therefore is in a position to undertake a project without hustles. On the other hand, Bishopsgate holdings have a site that can bee developed and managed to create many rentable spaces in the city and therefore great returns to the investors. The joint venture therefore becomes an important part of the deal and the two companies come to an agreement. It is worth mentioning that in the case of Brookfield and Bishopsgate, the two companies sealed a deal of 50:50 joint ventures. Sometimes the percentage will depend on what each individual company is putting into the business and it is therefore important to keep in mind the fact that it is not by default that companies coming to a joint venture will give a 50: 50 % profit and loss sharing. Decisions for entering into a joint venture are sometimes a hard one to make. However, it is at times necessary as a strategic planning and management practice to put companies into competitive advantage. By entering into a joint venture with Bishopsgate, Brookfield blocks the possibility of Bishopsgate entering in the property management practice as much as it blocks its competitors into brokering a deal with Bishopsgate. It can thus be said that the move to form a joint venture is a brilliant and strategic move towards maintaining competitive advantage over other companies. Buy custom Joint Ventures essay

Free sample - Tristan and Isolde. translation missing

Tristan and Isolde. Tristan and IsoldeTristan and Isolde is an opera or music drama that was composed by Wagner between the year 1856 and 1859 (Borchmeyer 10). It was however premiered in Munich on the 10th of June 1865. To come up with this drama masterpiece, Wagner got inspiration from his affair with Mathilde Wesendonck as well as Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy. This piece of drama is largely seen as very significant in the development of Western music (Borchmeyer 15). Wagner’s work has however not been without critics. In 1882, when Wagner’s opera was staged in London’s Drury Lane Theatre, The Era protested against what it termed as the worship of animal passion in Wagner’s operas (Borchmeyer 22). The Era claimed that the passion in Tristan was unholy in itself and at the same time it was represented impurely. Wagner was also criticized for glorifying sensual pleasure in the Tristan. This criticism came from the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung in the 5th July 1865 edition (Borchmeyer 24). The edition additionally claimed that this opera from Wagner was full of materialism and treated human beings as having no destiny higher than vanishing in sweet odours like a breath after a life resembling that of turtle doves. He was also criticized by the same edition for enslaving music to the word (Borchmeyer 25). Lastly, the edition criticized Wagner for failing to show the life of his heroes, a move that would edify as well as s trengthen the spirit of his audience. The edition claimed that he concentrated more on showing how the life of these heroes were destroyed through sensuality. History has also criticized Wagner’s personality. He is described as arrogant, self-centered, vulnerable to excess indiscretion, as well as intolerant. He is said to have tried to evade his creditors before Ludwing bailed him out (Borchmeyer 42). Operas/ music dramas written by Wagner include: Die feen (The Fairies), Das Liebesverbot( The Ban on Love), Rienzi, Der Fliegende Hollander (The Flying Dutchman), Tannhauser – including the â€Å"Pilgrim’s chorus†, Lohengrin, Tristan and Isolde, Die Meistersinger Von Nurnberg (The Master Singers of Nurnberg) and Parsifal which is a semi-religious work. This makes a total of about nine (Borchmeyer 50). Wagner’s operas were quite distinctive. This can be seen through his use of a remarkable range of orchestral color, as well as harmony and polyphony in the Tristan. This is done with a freedom not experienced in earlier operas (Wagner 33). In the Tristan, the first chord, popularly known as the Tristan chord, marks an exit from traditional tonal harmony by resolving to a different discordant chord. Tristan shows many other things distinctive with Wagner’s operas like frequent use of two consecutive triads whose roots lie a triton apart (Borchmeyer 30). Wagner was also the first to make use of harmonic suspension, which involves exposing the listener to prolonged but unfinished condenses. This is the surest way a composer can create musical tension because it inspires a desire as well as an expectation from the audience and this creates musical resolution. Wagner’s exposure to medieval literature formed the basis for his stories. He developed some of the ideas from this literature into operas as well as music dramas. Wagner’s contact with a middle high Germany epic called the Nibelungenlied for instance led to his composition of the Der Ring des Nibelungen. On average, Wagner’s performances would last for about three hours (Borchmeyer 14). Wagner’s tragic story of Tristan and Isolde took place during the medieval times during the regime of king Arthur. Isolde of Ireland was a daughter to Angwish, the king of Ireland. In this story, Isolde was betrothed to the king of Cornwall whose name was Mark (Scruton 20). This king send his nephew, Tristan to Ireland to help bring Isolde back to Cornwall. The author argues that Tristan is a name standing for sorrow and this character was given it because the mother died at his birth. He is described as a noble knight. Isolde’s handmaiden was called Brangraine. As Isolde was leaving for Cornwall from Ireland, her mother gave her handmaiden a love portion which was supposed to be kept safe until they reached their destination . (Scruton 30) This love portion was to be given to Isolde during her wedding night. The two didn’t observe these instructions as they drank the portion. This made them fall in love forever. Although later Isolde married mark as scheduled, the portion left her with no choice but to continue loving Tristan. King mark later realized the affair but had the heart to forgive Isolde the betrayal notwithstanding. He however decided to ban Tristan from Cornwall (Scruton 40). After the ban, Tristan moved to the court of king Arthur and later to Brittany. There he met Iseult of Brittany whose other name was Iseult of white hands. Owing to the similarity of her name to that of Isolde, Tristan got attracted to her (Scruton 75). They got married although they failed to consummate their marriage since he was unable to let go his true love Isolde. Tristan later fell ill and decided to send for his true love Isolde. He was so much in love with her that he believed she could even cure him (Scruton 80). They believed that if she decided to come for his rescue, the returning ship’s sails would be white and black if she didn’t. Iseult was not comfortable with the healing arrangement and therefore lied to Tristan that the sails of the returning ship were black though they were white. This caused Tristan to give up hope which caused him to succumb to grief shortly before Isolde could reach him. Isolde died later out of an heart break. Iseult later regret ted deeply the injustice she had done since she came to learn the deep love Tristan and Isolde had for each other (Scruton 100). Anti-Semitism refers to hostility towards Jews. Such people hate the ethnic background, culture as well as the religion of Jews. Anti-Semitism is evident in the work of Wagner. Firstly, despite being the most influential composer of his time, he never staged any performance in Israel. His anti-Semitism is also evident in his essay titled â€Å"Judaism in music†. In this essay, he savages Jewish composers by deeming them a threat to Germany music since he described their music as having an alien influence and negative (Scruton 90). Liebestod is a German word for love death. This is the title of the last dramatic aria in Wagner’s Tristan and Isolde. This world comes from the German words Liebe , meaning Love and Tod meaning Death. A literal use of this word refers to the erotic death theme. This theme can also be referred to as the â€Å"love death† theme. Its a theme that indicates that, two lovers consummate their love in death or after death (Scruton 112). The theme of death is evident in the Wagner’s final dramatic aria in Tristan and Isolde which he named the liebestod. Its witnessed when Tristan died just before the arrival of his true love Isolde and also when Isolde died as a result of a broken heart later. Desire is on the other hand seen in several episodes in this final aria. First, there is the desire to love that Tristan has towards Iseult. The desire for healing is seen when Tristan sent for his true love to come and cure him. The desire to live is also seen when Tristan sent for Isolde to cure him (Borchmeyer 50). The theme of night was evident when Tristan invited Isolde to follow him into the night realm which she agreed to before he kissed her on the forehead (Borchmeyer 70). The marriage of Isldole was also carried out at night. We can define renunciation as the act of avoiding negative emotions through practices such as widening of love. This was evident when Tristan was banned from Cornwall. To avoid the negati ve emotions brought about by loosing his true love, he went ahead to find another love (Borchmeyer 80). Works cited Borchmeyer, D. Drama and the World of Richard Wagner, London: Princeton University Press, 2003 Scruton, R. Death-Devoted Heart: Sex and the Sacred in Wagner's Tristan and Isolde. London: Oxford University Press, 2004 Wagner, R. Tristan and Isolde. London: J. Calder, 1981

Creating a Learning Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creating a Learning Organization - Essay Example The learning organizations have flatter organizational structures, cross-functional teams, supportive organizational culture and commitment to excellence (Belasen, 2000). Proper leadership will facilitate a learning culture that enables the employees to remain creative and innovative thus facilitating the implementation of new ideas and suggestions in the organization (Belasen, 2000). Leadership is essential in encouraging creative learning through intellectual stimulation and encouraging innovativeness of their followers. Leadership enables the employees to continuously expand their knowledge and skills in creating desirable results for the organization. Employees are capable of attaining personal mastery of their skills and assist their workmates in meeting their job performance expectations (Mello, 2014). Leaders act as motivators by communicating optimism and addressing the concerns of employees in creating a learning organization. The leader is capable of communicating the shared vision powerfully and managing any obstacles that may hinder the attainment of the vision (Achua & Lussier, 2010). Leadership plays a role on implementing mechanisms of nurturing creative ideas for innovation through providing an environment whereby employees can learn from their past mistake and implement new perspectives in solving problems. Leadership builds the confidence and capacity of the employees to adapt to changes in the organization. Leaders are expected to provide their followers with opportunities to solve problems within their business units in order to build their confidence and develop pride for their success (Lussier, 2012). The familiarity with the change and learning process enables the organization to respond to threats and opportunities and appreciate the importance of flexibility and adaptation in the organization. The leaders encourage experimentation whereby all subordinates are expected to contribute ideas. The leadership

The History of Nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The History of Nursing - Research Paper Example In earliest times, nursing was associated with motherly care of infants and was termed as wet nurse. By the 16th century the meaning of nursing meant to attend and care for the sick. (Donahue, pp.4,6) Early myth and beliefs In early times it was believed that nurses required no formal education or training. They were unlicensed doctors, abortionists, midwives and counselors in the western history. For centuries, the nurses passed on their experiences to their neighbors or daughters. They were termed as â€Å"wise women† by the people. One early myth was that women were so trapped by their menstruation and reproduction cycles that they were not independent outside their homes. Another myth was that male professionals had superior technology. These myths were false since women were inherently healers for the poor. It was also found that male professionals depended more on ritualistic practices while women represented more humane approach to healing. (â€Å"Witches, Midwives, an d Nurses:A History of Women Healers†) Early sickness and disease and that change nursing care In early ages medicine and nursing were considered as one. In those times as medicine men developed, they were always associated with an inferior class of practitioners who applied the treatment, judged the quality of drugs and also dressed wounds. These were women nurses who carried practical knowledge of healing. Nurses were those women who received orders from the medicine men to treat patients. (â€Å"A History of Nursing:The Evolution of Nursing Systems from the earliest times†). In the middle ages nursing became important in religious life. The spread of plagues in various times gave rise to demand of nursing. Such women were called â€Å"sisters†. (â€Å"Nursing:Yesterday & Today†) Evolution of Nursing Nurses and Hospitals In Early ages hospitals were built in the heart of cities to serve the poor and isolate patients of contagious diseases like cholera and typhus. Hospitals had poor sanitary system and as a result infections led to high mortality rates among patients. With the development of skilled nursing care along with effective sterilization techniques, hospitals managed to reduce the mortality rate in the last nineteenth century. (Parker, Kreimer & Munasinghe, p.177) Women that Influenced Nursing Jensey Snow was an African American nurse who opened a hospital in Petersburg Virginia in 1820. She provided health care services to the community for the next thirty years (â€Å"History of African American Nurses†). Dorothea Dix was born in the town of Hampden in Maine. She was a teacher. She was also a reformer who brought many changes in the treatment of the mentally ill in the United States. By the age of 54 she inspected many institutions both in the US and in Europe for mistreatments (â€Å"Dorothea Dix†). Clara Burton was an American nurse born in Massachusetts in 1821. From young age, she helped the wounded who n eeded medical care. In 1862, she distributed supplied to the wounded soldiers of Battle of Bull Run. She even used to be present behind the lines during battles and for that reason she was known as â€Å"Angel of the Battefield†. She also founded the American Red Cross (â€Å"Spotlight on Clara Burton, Famous Nurse & American Red Cross Founder†). Lilian Wald who was born in 1867 was a nurse and social worker. She was the founder of American community nursing. She wanted that everyone would recognise